Liner for centrifugal liquid-separators.



No. 809,685. PATENTED JAN. 9, 1906.

0. D. HELLSTRUM. LINER FOR GENTRIFUGAL LIQUID SEPARATORS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9,1905.

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No. 809,685. PATENTED JAN. 9, 1906. G. D. HBLLSTRUM.

LINER. FOR. GENTRIPUGAL. LIQUID SEPARATORS. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9.1905.

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CARL DIDRIK HELLSTROM, OF NYFORS, STVEDEN.

LINER FOR OENTRIFUGAL LlQUlD-SEPARATORS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. .9, 1906.

Application filed June 9,1905. Serial No. 264,468.

'10 (Mi urn/0712, it nuty concern Be it known that I, CARL DIDRIK HELL-sTRoM, a subject of the King of Sweden and Norway, and a resident ofNyfors, Eskilstuna, in the Kingdom of Sweden, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Liners for Centrifugal Liquid-Separators, ofwhich the following is a specificationfreference being had therein tothe accompanying drawings.

For augmenting the effect of centrifugal liquid (milk) separators aliner is generally mounted in the drum, as is well-known, said linercontaining a plurality of narrow spaces cutting the radius of the drum,in which spaces the separation of the different heavy liquids iseffected in such manner that the heavy liquid passes along the outerside wall of the spaces outward toward the periphery of the drum, whilethe light liquid passes along the inner side wall of the spaces inwardtoward the center of the drum. The most general form of the liner,perhaps, is a plurality of superposed plate-funnels of conical orpyramidal shape, which form a pile in the drum concentric with the axisof rotation of the same. As easily conceived, the increas ing of theeffect is due to the liquid bulk being divided into agreat number ofthin layers, in each of which separation of the different heavy liquidstakes place or, briefly, in each space forming, so to say, a smallcentrifuge. This being the case, the effect ought to be greater, one maythink, the greater the number of the plate-funnels is or, which is thesame, the narrower the said spaces are. However, this presumption iscorrect only to a certain limit, which is reached very soon, owingpartly to the fact that the different liquid currents in the narrowspaces, which currents also form some kind of layers, counteract eachother, partly to the fact that the capillarity has a checking effect, towhich must be added that from the separated cream gathering near thecenter of the drum a rather hard slowly-running (butter-like) mass isgenerated, which only with difficulty can be pushed away by thefollowing cream mass.

The object of this invention is to remove the said disadvantages in suchmanner that each space without being extremely narrow is made moreeffective than hitherto. The

said object is gained by introducing the full milk into the space at theperiphery of the same, so that the blue milk is separated to the largestextent in the widest part of the space, and consequently has to pass nolong way from within and outward through the same; further, by the milkbeing compelled, by ribs extending upward in an ob lique direction andbeing of the same height as the space, to spread in the space forward inthe rotary direction of the drum from the inlet-opening for the fullmilk situated just in front of each rib, the said ribs guiding at thesame time the cream inward toward the center of the drum; further, bythe blue milk, by ribs which are lower than those first mentioned, to aconsiderable extent being prevented from making its way upward in thespace, while the separated cream under the same ribs can pass inwardtoward the center, and, finally, by a small part of the full milk infront of ribs of the same height as those first mentioned being guidedinto the space nearer the center in such manner that the 7 cream will beremoved more quickly.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section on the lineA B of Fig. 2 of the drum with some plate-funnels mounted in the same.Fig. 2 is a plan view of the drum, the cover being removed, so that afunnel is visible. Fig. 3 is a section of two funnels, on an enlargedscale, on the line A B of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 shows a part of the inner edgeof a funnel.

1 designates the lower part of the drum, or the bottom. 2 is the toppart of the drum, and 3 3 are the plate-funnels. On the upper side ofeach funnel ribs 4 are provided at equal distances from each other alongthe circumference of the funnel, one part 5 of the said ribs extendingstraight upward from the said circumference, while the next part 6extends forward parallel with the circumference, and a subsequent longerpart 7 extends upward in an oblique direction. Near the center there areother angular ribs 011 the upper side of the funnel, having the point ofthe angle directed outward, and one leg 8 on a line with orsubstantially on a line with the rib part 7, without, however, hanging.together with the same, a narrow passage 10 being thus formed. Theother leg, 9 of the angular rib, situated below the leg .8, isconcentric with the aperture of the funnel. The height of the said ribsat and S 9 is equal to the height of the space between each two funnels,the upper funnel resting with its under side on the ribs on the lowerone. On the under side of each funnel ribs 11 are provided, the numberof which is equal to the number of the ribs 4-. The said ribs 11 aresituated near the lower edge of the funnel on a level with the rib parts6 and are parallel or substantially parallel with the said edge, anarrow passage 12 being provided between one end of the rib 11 and theopposite rib 4. The height of the said rib 1 1 is somewhat less thanthat of the space between the funnels, as shown in Fig. 3. The full milkenters a to central chamber formed bya tube 13 through the pipe 14,passes from the said chamber outward toward the side wall of the drumthrough the bottom passage 15, and then upward through an aperture 16and an aperr ture 17, provided in each of the funnels, into the spacesbetween the funnels. The said aperture 17 is situated below the circleformed by the ribs 11 and also below the rib part 6. Another aperture 18provided in 20 the outer edge of the funnel, forms a passage for theblue milk, leaving the drum through the channel 19. The outer edge 20 ofeach funnel is bent upward, forming an outer rib, closing the spacebetween each two funnels z 5 but for a very narrow aperture 29 at thesuperposed funnel, through which aperture, which does not extend pastthe aperture 17, generated cheese and the like can pass outward to theside wall of the drum. The in- 0 ner edge of each funnel is bent upwardin the same manner, forming a rib 21, closing the said space but for twoadjacent apertures 22 23, separated by the rib part 8. The said aperture22 forms an outlet-opening for the cream, while the aperture 23,provided in the top part of the said edge, forms an inlet-' opening fora small quantity of full milk, which from an opening 24 in the side wallof the pipe 14 passes through an aperture 25,

-40 provided in the central tube 13 opposite the said aperture 23. 26 isthe exitpassage for the cream. Each section or third part of the spaceis provided with inlet and outlet apertures, arranged as described.During the continual introduction of 'full milk a state of continuancewill ensue, and the result of the procedure is, as well known, that theheavy liquid, or the blue milk, gathers at the periphery and the lightone, or the cream, at the part of the rotating liquid bulk situated nearthe axis of rotation, at which places the liquids are led offcontinually. Hitherto the supplying of the full milk generally has beenefiected at or in the vicinity of more central parts of the rotatingmilk bulk, where, as stated above, the light liquid part or the creamgathers. Attempts have been made to effect the said supplying "behindthe creamt'. 6., at such a place where the milk 00 has substantially thesame weight as the entering full milk-in order to prevent perturbationsin the said currents passing outward and inward, respectively. It mightprobably be evident that the main portion of the full milk immediatelyafter the entering of v be comprehended.

the milk into the space places itself at the outside of the layere., atthe inside of the nearest upper plate-funnel-and participates in themovement of the current passing outward. The object of the centrifugalforce now is, in spite of the said current, to cause the fatty globulesto pass from the outside of the layer toward the inside of the same,which as for the great globules probably takes place even in the Zone ofintroduction, and as for the other globules, as they, while the milkpasses outward, passes zones where the centrifugal force can overcomethe action of the current. From this it will appear that a sizing of thefatty globules is effected, so that there are only small ones at theouter edge of the plate-funnel. Now the skimming operation is dependenton the velocity of the milk bulk at the outer edge of the fun nel and onthe amount of the centrifugal force, 8 5 and at thevery outer edgeof thelayer only 'a small quantity of fatty globules will probably betransferred to the inner side of the layer. Owing to this fact, thecurrent passing inward will probably be very inconsider- 9o able at thesaid place. This explanation having been made, the novelty of the actionof the construction now in question will easily In whatever manner themilk be led into the drum the blue milk will 5 always occupy a positionat the outer edge of the space, provided separation takes place. If nowthe full milk is led into the drum near the periphery of the same,(through the apertures 17,) the said milk will not be able, at least notfor a greater quantity, to fill the space, as the blue milk everywherestrives to keep its place at the outer side of the layer. If there wereno obstacles in the path of the full milk, the milk, owing to the factthat it is lighter, would run the shortest Way toward the center alongthe inner side of the layer or the outer side of the funnel in a notvery spread current. This is prevented by the rib part 6 concentric withthe funnel edge, which part, in combination with the part 5, also causesthe full milk to rise in all funnels, so that all spaces are suppliedwith full milk in proportion to the skimming capacity of the apparatus.The radial rib part 5 prevents the full milk from spreading to theexitopening 18, which might be provided. It maybe observed that theexit-openings for the blue milk can be situated nearer the centerviz.,at 23 as will be explained below. Owing to the said obstacles, the fullmilk is caused to spread under the blue milk outside the narrow rib 1 1and to pass gradually under the said rib, entering the room inside therib, where it is caused by the blue milk supported 12 5 by the rib 11 toremain in a thin layer. The greatest fatty globules are separatedimmediately after the entering of the full milk into the space. In orderto permit the same to pass inward, the passage 12 is provided be- 1 otween the high rib 4 and the low rib 11. The rib 7, extending upward inan oblique direction, is adapted to prevent the lighter part firstseparated from rushing inward. Owing to this fact, a light layer willgather, which, supported by the said rib part, in its turn prevents thelayer entering under the low rib 11 from rushing inward. However, thelight layer supported by the rib part 7 would at last get such athickness that rushing would take place. This is prevented by the ribpart 9 concentric with the funnel-aperture. The passage 10 between therib S 9 and the rib part 7 serves as an exit-opening for the cream,which then continues to move inward above and along the rib part 8,extending'upward in an oblique direction. An exit-opening for lightlayers formed farther on in the rotary direction is provided between therib part 9 and the next oblique rib part 7. Consequently the separationof the fatty substances when the milk is introduced in the mannerstatedabove is effected in such manner that the full milk is compelled tospread in a thin layer, which must move inward as long as it is lighterthan the blue milk before present in the lincrt. 0., as long as itcontains separable fatty substance. The separation of the fatty globulesis thereby facilitated in a double manner. The centrifugal force, whichwhen the milk is introduced in another manner must cause the fattyglobules to pass the whole way from the outer edge of the space to theinner edge of the same against a current, has now to move the saidglobules only a fractional part of the said way, assisted by a current.The separation of the fatty substances will'then become almostindependent of the velocity of the entering milk, and consequently, insome degree, of the quantity introduced, the effect being thusconsiderably increased.

Instead of the blue milk being led off at the periphery of the liner itmay be led off through the aperture 23, as stated above, the angular ribS 9 then serving to prevent separated fatty substance from passing tothe said exit-opening 23. In such a case the rib S 9 may be so arrangedas to form a chamber in combination with the upward-bent edge 21, whichchamber is closed but for a narrow opening in the said rib at the upperside of the layer. As stated above, the blue milk may be led off throughthe aperture 18. In the latter case the inner part of the space wouldpossibly be obstructed by fatty substance, especially if smallquantities of cream are led off. This is prevented by introducingthrough the said opening 23 a small quantity of full milk, which,supported by the tightly fitting angular rib, is caused to spread towardthe cream exit opening, and consequently leaves only a narrow passagefor the cream, through which it is fed into the common-outlet channel.

The high ribs 4, extending upward partly in an oblique direction to thegeneratrix partly perpendicularly to the same peripherally, may be fixedeither to the upper side of the lower funnel or to the lower side of theupper funnel. The rib 11 may be perpendicular to the generatrix of thefunnel peripherally, as shown in the drawings, or in a somewhat obliquedirection to the same. The apertures 17 may be provided at ashorter orlonger distance from the rib 4, but must, however, be situated inside anangle, the legs of which pass through the center of the drum and theends of the rib 4. The rib 8 9 may have the point of the angle more orless rounded, thus forming a curve. The ribs may be made either bystrips being fixed to the funnels or by the material of the funnelsbeing pressed upward.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A liner for centrifugal lhpiid-separators consisting of a pluralityof superposed and spaced funnel like plates, provided with apertures 17near their outer periphery, with a rib 20 extendingalong the same andsituated outside the said apertures, and with ribs 4 extending from thesaid periphery inward toward the center of the plate, causing the fullmilk led to the periphery of the liner to rise through the apertures andspread in all the spaces.

2. The combination of a liner for centrifugal liquid-separators,consisting of a plurality of superposed and spaced funnel like platesprovided with apertures 17 near the outer periphery, with a rib 20extending along the same and formed by the plate edge being bent upward,and further with ribs 4 extending from the said rib, inward toward thecenter of the plate, and of a central feeding-chamber communicatingthrough bottom channels 15 with the said apertures 0f the liner,situated one above the other, for the introducing of the full milk intoall the spaces at the periphery of the liner, substantially asdescribed.

3. The combination of a liner for centrifugal liquidseparators, whichliner consists of superposed and spaced funnels, provided near theperiphery with apertures 17 and with a rib 20, extending along theperiphery of the funnel, and with ribs 4 extending from the said rib 2Oinward toward the center of the funnel, and of a central feedingchamber,communicating through bottom channels 15 with the said apertures 17 andan inlet-tube 14, which, in addition to an aperture leading the fullmilk to the bottom channels 15, has a side opening 24, leading a part ofthe full milk into the spaces between the funnels, at the inner edges ofsame.

4. A liner for centrifugal liquid-separators consisting of superposedand spaced funnel- ICC shaped plates, provided near the periphery withapertures 17 leading the full milk to the spaces between the funnels,and with ribs 20, 21 formed by the outer and inner edges respectively ofthe plate being bent upward, and with ribs 1 extending from theperiphery of the plate toward the center of same and forward in therotary direction, and further with apertures 22 in the inner edge rib21, through which the cream can leave the space between the plates, andwith apertures 23 in the said rib 21, through which a part of the fullmilk is led from the center of the liner into the said space,substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

5. A liner for centrifugal liquid-separators consisting of superposedand spaced funnellike plates, provided near the periphery with apertures17, with a rib 20 extending along the periphery of the plate and formedby the edge being bent upward, with ribs 4, extending from the said rib20 inward toward the center of the plate, and with ribs 11 extendingalong the outer edge of the plate at some distance from the same, a passage being provided between the said rib 11 and the opposite transversalrib 4 and also between the rib 11 and the next plate, so that the lightpart of the liquid can pass along the surface of said plate,substantially as described and for the purpose set forth. v 6. A linerfor centrifugal liquid-separators consisting of superposed, spacedfunnelshaped plates, provided with apertures 17 leading the full milk tothe spaces between the plates, and with ribs 4 which owing to theirradial position on the plate and in combination with ribs 20, 21, formedby the inner and outer edges of the plate being bent upward, divide thespaceinto sections, each provided with an inlet-opening 17 and anoutlet-opening 18, and further with ribs 8, 9 situated nearer theinner'edge ofthe plate in comparison with the said ribs 4 and forming acontinuation of the same after an interval 10, substantially asdescribed and for the purpose set forth.

7. A liner for centrifugal liquid-separators consisting of superposed,spaced funnel-like plates provided at the periphery with apertures 17for the introducing of the full milk, and near the periphery withapertures 18 forming outletopenings for the blue milk, the saidapertures 17 and 18 being provided inside a rib extending along theperiphery of the plate and formed by the edge being bent upward, andfurther with ribs 4 and 8, 9 extending in an oblique direction to theradius of the plate between the outer edge and the inner edge of theplate but leaving a passage 10 for the .light part of the liquid, sothat it can pass to the outlet-opening 22 at the inner edge of theplate.

8. A liner for centrifugal liquid-separators consisting of-superposedspaced funnel-like plates provided with ribs concentric with orsubstantially concentric with the center of the funnel, some ones 20, 11of the said ribs being situated near the outer edge of the plate andother ones 9, 21 nearthe inner edge of the same, and with apertures 17near the outer edge for the introducing of the full milk into the spacesbetween the plates, and with apertures 18 forming outlet-openings forthe blue milk, and further with ribs 4, and 8, 9 which form an anglewith the said ribs and divide the space into sections, each havinganinlet-opening 17 and an outlet opening 18 substantially as described andfor the purpose set forth.

9, A liner for centrifugal liquid-separators consisting of superposedspaced funnel-like plates provided at their inner and outer edges withribs concentric or substantially concentric with the center of thefunnels, inletopenings 17 and outlet openings 18 for the full milk andthe blue milk respectively, outlet-openings 22 for the cream, ribs 4,guiding the full milk along the plate-surface inward toward the centerof the plate, and angular ribs 8, 9 forming a further guide for thecream toward the outlet-opening 22, substantially as described and forthe purpose set forth.

10. A liner for centrifugal liquid-separators consisting of superposed,spaced funnellike plates, provided near their periphery withinlet-openings for the full milk and out let-openings for the blue milk,and on the upper side with ribs, extending from the periphery of theplate inward toward the center of the plate in an oblique direction andcausing the full milk to spead on the upper side of.

the plate or funnel, and on their under side with ribs 11, guiding theblue milk separated from the full milk and passing outward toward theoutlet-opening 18, substantially as described and for the purpose setforth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

CARL DIDRIK HELLSTROM. l/Vitnesses A. F. LUNDBORG, ROBERT APELGREN.

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